Eskom’s Supply Shortages To Continue Despite Procurement
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd.’s (B/Negative) generation supply shortages are likely to persist in the near term despite recent procurement initiatives, Fitch Ratings says. The shortfall should be addressed in the medium term by Eskom’s plan to improve the performance of its power plants, in turn reducing usage of high-cost open-cycle gas turbines (OCGTs) and improving profit margin.
However, any near-term delays in the implementation of the plan or increase in unplanned losses would increase load-shedding for customers and costs for Eskom, further pressuring its Standalone Credit Profile (while the rating continues to be driven by Eskom’s strong links with the government).
Eskom’s generation capacity plan is finely balanced. It plans to decommission 3,340MW of generation capacity and bring online 3,200MW of gross new capacity by the financial year ending March 2025 (FY25), either of which could be delayed. New capacity will essentially comprise the remaining units at the Kusile and Medupi power plants, completion of which has been significantly delayed due to labour and technical issues. Since March 2020, Eskom has brought online two units at Kusile, equating to around 1,600MW of gross capacity.
Eskom’s available capacity is currently about 4,000MW lower than the peak demand level of about 34,000MW and significantly lower than its nominal capacity of about 45,000MW. This shortfall is the result of a gradual increase in unplanned capacity loss (now about 10,000MW) and a recent increase in planned capacity loss. Unplanned capacity loss, spread across power plants, is due to the high average age (more than 37 years) of the baseload generation fleet, requiring maintenance and large-scale retrofitting; running the power stations hard to meet increased demand; and declining coal quality, which affects plant performance.
Fitch views the 18 March 2021 announcement by South Africa’s Department of Mineral Resources and Energy to procure 2,000MW of emergency power as positive but insufficient. While the plan is to connect this capacity to the grid by August 2022, we believe it could be delayed by the time needed for construction. The technologies under the eight preferred bids span solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, liquified natural gas and embedded battery storage.
The government has also commenced the procurement for 2,600MW under the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme Bid Window 5, which closes on 4 August 2021 and has Eskom as the single buyer. We expect around 1,600MW to be procured from wind and 1,000 MW from solar PV.
The recent increase in planned capacity loss is due to Eskom taking the opportunity to increase reliability maintenance during pandemic-related lockdowns, which reduced energy demand. Planned maintenance measured by planned capacity loss factor increased to around 12% year to date (YTD) – or 5,500MW – compared to 9% in the 2020. However, the gradual easing of lockdowns from September 2020 to February 2021 increased demand and lowered the energy availability factor (EAF) to 65% YTD. Eskom targets an EAF of at least 70%. A lower EAF necessitates increased OCGT usage and, if below 65%, load-shedding to protect the integrity of the national grid.
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